Churn



(No Modell) i W. H. NICHOLSON.

GHURN.

Patented May 20, 1884.

XVILLIAM H. NICHOLSON, OF MOUN T WASHINGTON, ASSIGNOR OF ON E-HALF TO ROBERT A. SHANNON, OF CEDAR POINT, OHIO.

CHURN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 298,770, dated May 20, 188%.

- Application filed April I, 1883. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern..-

Be it known that I, WILLIAM H. NICHOL- soN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Mount XVashington, in the county of Hamilton and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Churns, of which the following is a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings.

The first part of my improvements consists in applying to the dasher-shaft of a churn a cam-wheel, against the periphery of which latter bear the free ends of a pair of yielding rubbers, whose fixed extremities are secured to uprights located at the diametrically-opposite corners of the ehurn-box, said box being preferably square in horizontal section, as hereinafter more fully described, and pointed out in the claims.

The second part of my improvements consists in rendering these uprights detachable, in order that they may be readily withdrawn from the corners of the box before proceeding to gather the butter, as hereinafter more fully described, and pointed out in the claims.

- The third part of my improvements consists in combining all of these features in asingle churn, as hereinafter more fully described, and pointed out in the claims.

In the annexed drawings, Figure 1 is a sectionized elevation of a churn embodying my various improvements. Fig. 2 is a horizontal section of the same, taken at line 6 6. Fig. 3 is a similar section taken at line 7 7. Fig. 4 is a perspective view, and Fig. 5 an elevation, of modifications of the dasher-shaft.

A represents the churn barrel or box, which is preferably square in horizontal section, and has fitted in its upper end a head or lid, B, maintained in position with turn-buttons c or other convenient devices. Attached to this lid is a standard, 0, that affords journal-bearings for a master-wheel, D, driven with a crank, d. \Vheel D gears with a pinion, E, having a square arbor, e, that engages with a suitable socket in the top of dasher-shaft F, the lower end of which latter is provided with a bearing, f, adapted to rest in a step secured in the center of the churn-bottom.

As above described, the churn is practically the same as many others now in general use;

but the shaft F is mortised transversely at f,

to admit abeater, blade, or paddle, G, pierced at g, to increase the agitation of the cream. Furthermore, this slot or mortise f has fitted in it a tapering key, H, wherewith the dasher G is secured in position, although a thumbscrew or other convenient retaining device may be used instead of the key. Secured to dasher-shaft F, and below its paddle G, is a wheel having two or more cam or eccentric surfaces, I, joined with radial shoulders z. Adapted to bear by their free ends against the periphery of this cam-wheel are two yielding rubbers, J J, made of any wood that will afford the desired spring action. The fixed ends of these spring-rubbers are secured, respectively, in uprights j j, applied to the diagonally-opposite corners of the churn-box A, said uprights being held in place by cleats K. A handle or knob, L, at the top of upright enables the ready withdrawal of the latter at any time.

WVhen ready for operation, the churn is arranged as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the dasher or paddle G being keyed in the slot f, so as to project an equal distance from either side of shaft F. Box A is then charged with cream, and handle (I is so revolved as to cause the dasher-shaft to rotate in the direction of the arrow seen in Fig. 2, a very rapid rotation of said shaft being effected by the gearing D E. It is evident the perforated paddle or dasher G 9 produces a thorough agitation of the cream, while at the same time the camwheel I '5, in conjunction with the spring-rubbers J J, are assisting in producing butter, the operation of said springs being as follows: As long as the cam-surfaces I are in contact with the springs, the cream is ground or rubbed 0 between these springs and the periphery of the wheel, thereby breaking up the little sacks or cells containing the butyric particles. As a result of this combined churning and rubbing action, the cream is converted into but- 5 ter in the most rapid manner, and with the least possible expenditure of power. This churning operation having been completed,

the uprights j j, with their attached rubbers J J, are withdrawn from the sockets K K and the dasher G is shifted laterally in the slot f, so as to cause its outer end to just clear the box A, as seen in Fig. 3. A few turns of the shaft F now causes the projecting dasher to gather the butter, and the operation is complete.

From the above description it is evident that while the churning operation is being carried on the centralized position of dasher G affords but little opposition to the cream, and hence the shaft F can be turned without much labor; but when said dasher is projected from one side of said shaft considerable more power is required to work the handle (I. As this projection, however, takes place only during the few minutes occupied in gathering the butter, the extra expenditure of power is not noticed, especially as the dash is then turned quite slowly.

In the modification of my invention seen in Fig. 4 the cam-wheel is omitted and an auxiliary dasher, G g, is substituted therefor, the spring-rubbers J J being of course dispensed with but in the other modification (seen in Fig. 5) a fixed cross blade or arm, N, takes the place of the cam-wheel I i, and is to be used for operating the springs J J. This modification will not be very effective, because .of the limited rubbing-surface afforded forthe springs to act against. Finally, in this last illustration the adjustable dasher G is shown secured in the shaft F with a thumb-screw, O.

I claim as my invention 1. In combination with a churn furnished with the spring-rubbers J J, the shaft F, provided with a wheel having a series of camsurfaces, I, with shoulders l, that strike the free ends of said spring-rubbers, as herein described, and for the purpose stated.

2. The churn-box A, provided with a shaft, F, armed with a laterally-adjustable dasher, G, and a wheel having camsurfaces I with shoulders z, in combination with the springrubbers J J, projecting from detachable uprights j j, situated at the diagonally-opposite.

corners of box A, the free ends of said rubbers being struck by said cam-surfaces I with shoulders i, as and for the purpose herein described. g

3. The combination, i1! a churn, of the de tachable uprights j j, spring-rubbers J J, and the cam-wheel carried by the dashershaft, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

WVILLIAM I-I. NICHOLSON.

Witnesses:

JAMES H. LAYMAN, SAML. S. CARPENTER. 

